Heating the Home
Types of Home Heating Systems
During Maryland’s cold winters, a reliable heating system is essential for keeping your home warm, comfortable, and safe, but heating accounts for a large portion of your energy bill. Choosing energy-efficient systems can save you money while reducing your environmental impact and increasing your comfort.
Furnaces (Gas, Electric, and Oil)
How It Works
Furnaces heat air and distribute it throughout your home via ductwork.
Advantages
Furnaces are a reliable and powerful heating option, especially for larger homes.
Disadvantages
Oil and gas furnaces produce emissions, and electric furnaces can be expensive to run.
Energy Efficiency
Look for furnaces with an AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) rating of 90% or higher for gas models and 85% for oil models. Electric furnaces should be ENERGY STAR-rated.
Heat Pumps (Air-Source and Geothermal)
How It Works
Heat pumps transfer heat rather than generating it, making them an energy-efficient option for both heating and cooling.
Advantages
Heat pumps are extremely efficient and can also serve as air conditioners.
Disadvantages
Air-source heat pumps may require supplemental heating during extremely cold temperatures, but in Maryland, newer technology makes them a great primary heating source down to 5 degrees Fahrenheit.
Energy Efficiency
Geothermal heat pumps are the most efficient option, with efficiency ratings that can reach up to 400%.
Boilers (Gas, Propane, Oil, Biodiesel Blends, Electric)
How It Works
Boilers heat water, which is then circulated through radiators or underfloor heating systems.
Advantages
They provide consistent and even heating, which is ideal for homes with radiant floor heating.
Disadvantages
Boilers are slower to heat a home compared to furnaces and can be more expensive to install.
Energy Efficiency
Boilers with an AFUE rating of 85% or higher are considered energy efficient.
Wood and Pellet Stoves
How It Works
Stoves burn wood or pellets to produce heat.
Advantages
They can provide backup heat during power outages and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Disadvantages
Stoves require manual operation and regular cleaning to remove ash.
Energy Efficiency
Typically they are more efficient than traditional wood stoves, with less smoke and higher burn efficiency.
Portable Space Heaters
How It Works
Portable heaters are plug-in devices that provide supplemental heat to a specific area. There are several types, including ceramic heaters, infrared heaters, and oil-filled radiators.
Advantages
They are ideal for heating a single room or small space without the need to run your entire home’s heating system.
Disadvantages
Space heaters can be less efficient than central heating systems if used excessively or in large spaces. They also require proper safety precautions due to the risk of fire or burns if not used correctly.
Energy Efficiency
Look for models with thermostats, timers, and ENERGY STAR certification to ensure maximum energy savings.
Energy Efficiency Tips for Home Heating
Insulation is Key
Properly insulating your home will help keep the heat in during winter and reduce your heating load.
Seal Drafts
Make sure windows and doors are sealed properly to prevent heat loss.
Zone Heating
Use portable space heaters or ductless systems to only heat occupied areas, reducing energy waste in unused rooms.
Regular Maintenance
Schedule annual inspections for your furnace, boiler, or heat pump to ensure it operates at peak efficiency.
Set the Right Temperature
For maximum energy savings, set your thermostat to 68°F during the day and lower it while you sleep or when you are away.
Smart Thermostats
These can automatically adjust your heating schedule, saving energy when you are not home. And most can be operated remotely via an app on your phone!
Incentives and Rebates for Heating Systems
Maryland residents can benefit from various rebates and incentives for upgrading to energy-efficient heating systems:
EmPOWER Maryland
Offers rebates for high-efficiency furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps, as well as home energy audits.
Weatherization Assistance Program
Helps low-income households improve home energy efficiency, including heating system upgrades.
Federal Tax Credits
You may be eligible for a federal tax credit if you install an energy-efficient heating system or make other energy-efficient improvements.
Clean Burning Wood and Pellet Stove Rebate Program
The Maryland Energy Administration offers a rebate for choosing a wood or pellet stove that is better for the environment.